Olympics, marathons and triathlons have more than one effect on our bodies. The endurance effect of exercise is well known, but let's look at some of the health effects of over training.
Over trained Athletes have increased growth hormones, testosterone, insulin and estrogen
For one: over trained athletes can have an increased anabolic hormonal response in well trained marathon runners and hormonal reactions of increased stress in less trained runners says the Department of Endocrinolgy, Diabetes and Nutrition, Berlin, Germany. Growth hormone deficiency people get larger muscles, more energy, and improved exercise capacity from replacement therapy. Low testosterone causes decreased sex drive, a higher level of fat storage, and an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. A deficiency in insulin can lead to type II diabetes. Lack of estrogen, in both men and woman, can lead to more fat storage.
Over trained Athletes have less resistance to minor illnesses
Second, athletes are not clinically immune deficient, it is possible that the combined effects of small changes in several immune parameters may compromise resistance to minor illnesses such as upper respiratory tract infection says the School of Human Movement Studies, The University of Queensland in Brisbane, Australia. The resolution would be to avoid over training and receive adequate rest during the training series and after competition.
Over trained Athletes have a higher risk of tooth decay
The third effect, which is not by any means a final effect, is the change in saliva by over training. These changes may cause athletes to be more vulnerable to respiratory infections after exercise and even at rest during the later stages of the competitive season. Among these athletes (studied), the combination of changes in the composition and secretion of saliva, together with intense mouth-breathing and an adjusted diet and drinking habits carry a higher risk of developing caries and erosion, according to the Universitair Medisch Centrum Groningen in the Netherlands.
The School of Biological Sciences at the University of Nebraska found that results from a study indicate that acute bouts of exercise can reduce salivary Immunoglobulin A levels and that chronic exercise of high intensity can reduce the resting levels of Immunoglobulin A. The Hunter Immunology Unit at the Hunter Area Pathology Service at the Royal Newcastle Hospital in Newcastle in New South Wales agrees. They found, through a study, that training at an intense level over many years can result in a chronic suppression of salivary immunoglobulin levels.
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